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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク RNA activation ： ウィキペディア英語版 RNA activation RNA activation (RNAa) is a small RNA-guided and Argonaute-dependent gene regulation phenomenon in which promoter-targeted short double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) induce target gene expression at the transcriptional/epigenetic level. RNAa was first reported in a 2006 PNAS paper by Li ''et al.'' who also coined the term "RNAa" as a contrast to RNA interference (RNAi)〔 to describe such gene activation phenomenon. Soon after, several groups made similar observation in different mammalian species including human, non-human primates, rat and mice, suggesting that RNAa is a general gene regulation mechanism conserved at least in mammals. In these studies, upregulation of gene expression is achieved by targeting selected promoter regions using either synthetic 21-nucleotide dsRNAs or vector expressed small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). Such promoter targeted dsRNAs have been termed antigene RNA (agRNAs)〔 or small activating RNA (saRNA).〔 Similar gene activation mechanisms mediated by Argonaute-small RNAs have also been observed in plants and C. elegans. ==Mechanism of RNAa== The molecular mechanism of RNAa is not fully understood. Similar to RNAi, it has been shown that mammalian RNAa requires members of the Ago clade of Argonaute proteins, particularly Ago2,〔 but possesses kinetics distinct from RNAi. In contrast to RNAi, promoter-targeted agRNAs induce prolonged activation of gene expression associated with epigenetic changes. It is currently suggested that agRNAs are first loaded and processed by an Ago protein to form an Ago-RNA complex which is then guided by the RNA to its promoter target. The target can be a non-coding transcript overlapping the promoter〔〔 or the chromosomal DNA.〔 Ago then recruits histone modifying enzymes such as histone methyltransferase to the promoter to activate transcription by causing permissive epigenetic changes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「RNA activation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.